Vanderbilt historian offers unsettling look at bioeningeered near future
reverse engineer: to disassemble and examine or analyze in detail (a product or devise) to discover the concepts involved in manufacture usually in order to produce something similar.
1. Bess states the last name of the source author, and then if he has already stated a source he will say ibid under that which refers to the previous source. If the quote has come from a book that quoted it also, he will say “Quoted in…”. If the source is from an online article, he will state the slide number first, then the title, and the link last. If the source is from a certain page or chapter of the book, not the general whole, he will state the page number or chapter last.
2. Bess includes annotations in his bibliography to say why he chose a source, what he did/didn’t like or left out about a source, his own opinion on a source previously stated, to offer the reader more sources with his same argument, or to give credit to a person who has given him information or their personal experiences.
3. There are sources in the notes that are not mentioned directly and explicitly in the text itself. One source is Rene Girard. Bess did not physically read the book himself so he couldn’t cite it. However, he did read Milgram’s book which talked about Girard's book. So Bess is following the rule that if you don’t read the physical book yourself, then you can’t cite it, you have to use “ibid”
4. Bess credited the sources in text by putting their words in quotations and mentioning them in the sentence, paraphrasing their opinion and mentioning their name again, or by inserting their longer quote without quotations in a smaller font with lines spaced on top and under the quote with the last name in brackets if not already mentioned. In the text, he is literally naming and identifying the sources he used.
5. Bess’s argument is original because unlike Browning he does not only focus on the negative side of human choices. In Ordinary Men, Browning only gives examples of how people will submit to obedience or peer pressure and ignore their morals, making the bad choice. This implies Browning believes humans are immoral, easily impressionable creatures by nature and are able to justify their wrongdoings. Whereas, Bess creates a contrast to this by including the Le Chambon story, showing people can make good or bad choices depending on the morals built in them. Thus, Bess is saying that humans can be good but they have to put in the effort of making a positive, moral, and responsible society.
